Social normatives in healthcare: international and domestic experience

Relevance. Relevance. In the context of the transformation of social standards in healthcare and the strengthening of international legal frameworks, this study focuses on the importance of minimum social guarantees. Social standards are becoming a key tool for planning and optimizing the resources of the healthcare system, which makes them particularly important in achieving universal health coverage.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the evolution of social standards in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, to trace their trans- formation into the structure of the State Guarantee Program and to substantiate their key importance for ensuring universal access to medical care, including taking into account international experience.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative institutional analysis supplemented by methods of regulatory analysis and historical retrospect. The empirical base was formed based on the study of official regulations, reports of ministries of health and compulsory health insurance funds, publications of international organizations (WHO, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, ILO, World Bank), etc.

Results. The article examines the evolution of social standards in healthcare in the Russian Federation from the regional standards of the 1990s to the modern Program of state guarantees. Based on a comparative analysis of international experience (the Republic of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, Great Britain, Germany) and a historical retrospective of Russian legislation, key approaches to the formation of guaranteed volumes of medical care have been identified. Special attention is paid to the transformation of social standards into those of the State Guarantee Program, the expansion of their list and their importance for ensuring universal access to medical care for citizens. The importance of social standards for calculating the necessary resources is substantiated, taking into account the specifics of the organization of the healthcare system, including procedures for providing medical care and regulations on the organization of types of medical care. The directions of improving the methodology for calculating standards to increase the availability and quality of medical care are proposed.

Conclusion. The study shows the key role of social standards in ensuring universal access to medical care in the Russian Federation. In order to realize the constitutional right of citizens to health protection, it is necessary to further improve the system of standards and their financial support as an element of national security.

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