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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zdravsng</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение стран СНГ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The CIS Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21045/3033-6341-2025-1-1-32-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zdravsng-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практика самолечения и нерационального применения антибактериальных препаратов в Республике Беларусь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The practice of self-medi­ cation and irrational use of antibacterial drugs in the Republic of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-7821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колчанова</surname><given-names>Н. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolchanova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колчанова Наталья Эдуардовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры оториноларингологии с курсами офтальмологии и стоматологии </p><p>г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia E. Kolchanova – PhD in Medical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology with courses in Ophthalmology and Dentistry </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolchn@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-4836</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чигрина</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chigrina</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чигрина Валерия Петровна – ведущий специалист управления стратегического развития здравоохранения </p><p>г. Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya P. Chigrina – leading specialist of Department for Strategic Development in Healthcare </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chigrinavp@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-6419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюфилин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyufilin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюфилин Денис Сергеевич – начальник управления стратегического развития здравоохранения </p><p>г. Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis S. Tyufilin – Head of the Department for Strategic Development in Healthcare</p><p>Moscow  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyufilinds@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1696-9702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брага</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Braga</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брага Анна Юрьевна – ассистент кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии </p><p>г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Braga – Assistant of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bragaanna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-5939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаршакова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharshakova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаршакова Тамара Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общественного здоровья и здравоохранения с курсом ФПКиП </p><p>г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara M. Sharshakova – Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Public Health and Healthcare with course Faculty of Management Advanced Training and Retraining </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t_sharshakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стома</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoma</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стома Игорь Олегович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор </p><p>г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor O. Stoma – Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor, Rector </p><p>Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsmu@gsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-1403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобякова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobyakova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобякова Ольга Сергеевна – член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор </p><p>г. Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Оlga S. Kobyakova – Corresponding Member of the RAS, Grand PhD in Medical sciences, Professor, Director </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kobyakovaos@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gomel State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колчанова Н.Э., Чигрина В.П., Тюфилин Д.С., Брага А.Ю., Шаршакова Т.М., Стома И.О., Кобякова О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колчанова Н.Э., Чигрина В.П., Тюфилин Д.С., Брага А.Ю., Шаршакова Т.М., Стома И.О., Кобякова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolchanova N.E., Chigrina V.P., Tyufilin D.S., Braga A.Y., Sharshakova T.M., Stoma I.O., Kobyakova O.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.health-cis.ru/jour/article/view/6">https://www.health-cis.ru/jour/article/view/6</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Одним из основных факторов устойчивости к антибиотикам является их нерациональное применение и самолечение, которое в различных странах достигает 89%. Для понимания настоящей ситуации и разработки таргетных мероприятий, направленных на сдерживание самолечения и нерационального применения антибактериальных препаратов в Республике Беларусь проведено одномоментное национальное социологическое исследование. Цель исследования: оценить уровень нерационального применения и самолечения антибактериальными препаратами населением Республики Беларусь. Материалы и методы. В исследовании применялся метод анкетирования с помощью специально разработанного и адаптированного к особенностям населения Республики Беларусь вопросника. Статистический анализ результатов выполнен с использованием аналитического пакета «Statistica» и R-studio. Результаты. Самые распространенные причины приема антибактериальных препаратов, указанные респондентами, в подавляющем большинстве случаев являлись нерациональными (53,2%): острая респираторная вирусная инфекция, повышение температуры, кашель, боль в горле, головная боль. Факторами, снижавшими шансы рационального приема антибактериальных препаратов, являлись: принадлежность к женскому полу, покупка препаратов в аптеке без рецепта врача, отсутствие результатов лабораторных анализов до начала приема, прием препаратов, оставшихся с прошлого курса лечения, отсутствие информации о рациональном приеме антибактериальных препаратов и неодобрение запрета продажи антибиотиков без рецепта врача. По результатам анализа 18,7% респондентов принимали антибактериальные препараты не по назначению врача, из которых 69,5% решили начать прием самостоятельно. Выявлено, что молодой возраст увеличивает риск самолечения в 2,4 раза, отсутствие высшего образования – в 4,7 раза, отрицательное отношение к запрету продажи антибактериальных препаратов без рецепта врача – почти в три раза, отсутствие результатов анализов перед началом их приема – в 2,9 раза. Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о сохраняющейся проблеме нерационального использования и самолечения антибактериальными препаратами среди населения Республики Беларусь, несмотря на относительно более благоприятную ситуацию по сравнению с другими странами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. One of the key drivers of antibiotic resistance is their irrational use and self-medication, which reaches up to 89% in some countries. To assess the current situation and develop targeted interventions aimed at curbing self-medication and inappropriate antibiotic use in the Republic of Belarus, a cross-sectional nationwide sociological study was conducted. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of irrational use and self-medication with antibacterial drugs among the population of the Republic of Belarus. Materials and methods. The study employed a questionnaire survey method using a specially designed and population-adapted questionnaire for the Republic of Belarus. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the Statistica software package and R-Studio. Results. The most commonly reported reasons for antibiotic use were predominantly irrational (53.2%), including acute respiratory viral infections, fever, cough, sore throat, headache. Key factors significantly associated with inappropriate antibiotic use: female gender, over-the-counter pharmacy purchases without prescription, initiation of therapy without laboratory confirmation, use of leftover antibiotics from previous treatments, lack of knowledge about proper antibiotic use, opposition to prescription-only regulations. Analysis revealed that 18.7% of respondents took antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription, of whom 69.5% initiated self-treatment independently. The study found that young age increased self-medication risk by 2.4 times, lack of higher education by 4.7 times, negative attitude toward prescription-only regulations by nearly threefold, and absence of pre-treatment test results by 2.9 times. Conclusion. The study findings demonstrate persistent challenges regarding irrational antibiotic use and self-medication practices among the Belarusian population, despite comparatively more favorable indicators relative to other countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибактериальные препараты</kwd><kwd>самолечение</kwd><kwd>нерациональное применение</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>факторы</kwd><kwd>Республика Беларусь</kwd><kwd>население</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibacterial drugs</kwd><kwd>self-medication</kwd><kwd>irrational use</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>factors</kwd><kwd>Republic of Belarus</kwd><kwd>population</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossolini G.M., Arena F., Pecile P., Pollini S. Update on the antibiotic resistance crisis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014;18:56–60. 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